| Political Journey | - Joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1969
- Became the President of the Gulbarga City Congress Committee in 1969
- Elected as MLA from Gurmitkal Assembly constituency in Karnataka in 1972
- Chairman of the Municipal Finances Enquiry Committee (Octroi Abolition Committee) (1973)
- Minister of State, (Independent charge) Primary and Secondary Education, Karnataka (1976-1978)
- Re-elected as MLA from Gurmitkal Assembly constituency in 1978
- Cabinet Minister, Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Government of Karnataka (1979)
- Cabinet Minister, Revenue, Government of Karnataka (1980-1983)
- Re-elected as MLA from Gurmitkal Assembly constituency in 1983
- Appointed as Secretary of Congress Legislature Party, Karnataka Legislative Assembly (1983)
- Served as General Secretary, Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee (1983 - 1985)
- Re-elected as MLA from Gurmitkal Assembly constituency in 1985
- Became Deputy Leader of Opposition, Karnataka Legislative Assembly in 1985
- Re-elected as MLA from Gurmitkal Assembly constituency in 1989
- Cabinet Minister, Revenue, Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Government of Karnataka (1990-1992)
- Cabinet Minister, Co-operation, Large and Medium Industries, Government of Karnataka (1992-1994)
- Re-elected as MLA from Gurmitkal Assembly constituency in 1994
- Leader, Congress Legislature Party and Leader of Opposition, Karnataka Legislative Assembly (1996-1999 and 2008-2009)
- Re-elected as MLA from Gurmitkal Assembly constituency in 1999
- Cabinet Minister for Home, Infrastructure Development and Minor Irrigation, Government of Karnataka (1999-2004)
- Re-elected as MLA from Gurmitkal Assembly constituency in 2004
- Cabinet Minister, Water Resources, Minor Irrigation and Transport, Government of Karnataka (2004-2006)
- President, Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee (2005-2008)
- Elected MP from Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency in 2009
- Union Cabinet Minister, Labour and Employment (31/05/2009-17/06/2013)
- Union Cabinet Minister, Railways and Social Justice and Empowerment (additional charge) (17/06/2013 - 26/05/2014)
- Re-elected MP from Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency in 2014
- Leader of the Congress Parliamentary Party in Lok Sabha (May 2014 - May 2019)
- Permanent Member, Congress Working Committee
- Member of Committee on Home Affairs (September 2014 - May 2019)
- Member of Joint Parliamentary Committee on Maintenance of Heritage Character and Development of Parliament House Complex (October 2014-May 2019)
- Member of Committee on Installation of Portraits/Statues of National Leaders and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex (October 2014-May 2019)
- Member of National Committee (NC) for commemorating the 125th Birth Anniversary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (20 October 2014 - 2019)
- Member of General Purposes Committee (January 2015 - May 2019)
- Chairperson of Public Accounts Committee (May 2017 - April 2019)
- Member of Committee on Budget of Lok Sabha (May 2017 - April 2019)
- Became General Secretary of AICC in 2018
- Became a Member of CWC in 2018
- Contested and lost Gulbarga Lok Sabha constituency in 2019
- Elected to Rajya Sabha in June 2020
- Member of Committee on Commerce (July 2020 - March 2021)
- Member of Public Accounts Committee (February 2021 - April 2021)
- Became Leader of the INC party, Rajya Sabha in February 2021
- Became Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha on 16 February 2021
- Member of General Purposes Committee in July 2021
- Tendered his resignation as the Leader of Opposition of Rajya Sabha in October 2022 for filing his nomination for the party’s presidential polls
- Elected as the Congress President on 19 October 2022 after securing 7,897 out of the 9,385 votes polled, which was eight times more votes than his rival Shashi Tharoor
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